Google Quantum AI

Google Willow

Superconducting Active 105 qubits

Released December 9, 2024

Key Specifications

Physical Qubits
105
Grid
2Q Gate Fidelity
99.88%
Two-qubit gate
Quantum Volume
IBM QV metric
CLOPS
100,000
Circuit layers/sec

Full Specifications

Qubit Specs
Physical Qubits 105 qubits
Technology Superconducting
Connectivity Grid
Connectivity Degree 4 neighbors
Gate Performance
1Q Gate Fidelity 99.97%
2Q Gate Fidelity 99.88%
Readout Fidelity 99.90%
1Q Gate Time 25 ns
2Q Gate Time 68 ns
Coherence
T1 (Relaxation) 100 µs
T2 (Dephasing) 80 µs
Features
Mid-Circuit Measurement No
Classical Feedback No
Dynamic Circuits No
Error Mitigation Available
Max Circuit Depth 1,000
Max Shots 1,000,000
System
Cooling Method dilution refrigerator
Operating Temp 0.015 K
Native Gates CZ, ISWAP, SYC, RZ, MEASURE
SDK Compatibility
Cirq OpenFermion

Cloud Access & Pricing

No cloud access data available for this QPU.

Visit Google Quantum AI website

Recommended Use Cases

Error Correction

Research into fault-tolerant quantum computation and quantum error correction codes.

Quantum Chemistry

Molecular simulation and energy level calculations for drug discovery and materials science.

Optimization

Combinatorial optimization problems including logistics, scheduling, and portfolio optimization.

About Superconducting Technology

Superconducting qubits are electrical circuits cooled to millikelvin temperatures where quantum effects dominate. They are fabricated using standard semiconductor lithography, making them highly scalable. Qubits are formed from Josephson junctions — non-linear inductors that create discrete energy levels. IBM, Google, and Rigetti lead commercial deployment of this technology.

Key Advantage

Fast gate speeds (tens to hundreds of nanoseconds), mature fabrication technology using standard semiconductor processes, and strong industry investment make this the most commercially advanced platform.

Key Challenge

Requires dilution refrigerators operating near absolute zero (~15 mK), leading to large physical footprints and high infrastructure costs. Qubits are sensitive to noise, limiting coherence times to microseconds-to-milliseconds range.

Typical Fidelity

99.5–99.9% for 2-qubit gates

Gate Speed

10–700 ns per gate

Frequently Asked Questions

How much does it cost to use Google Willow?

Google Willow does not currently have public cloud access. Check back for updates or contact Google Quantum AI directly.

What is the gate fidelity of Google Willow?

Google Willow achieves 99.88% two-qubit gate fidelity and 99.97% single-qubit gate fidelity, with 99.90% readout fidelity. Higher fidelity means fewer errors per gate operation.

Which cloud platforms offer Google Willow?

Google Willow is not currently available on public cloud platforms.

What qubit technology does Google Willow use?

Google Willow uses Superconducting qubit technology. Fast gate speeds (tens to hundreds of nanoseconds), mature fabrication technology using standard semiconductor processes, and strong industry investment make this the most commercially advanced platform. Operating temperature: ~15 mK (millikelvin).

What is the Quantum Volume of Google Willow?

Quantum Volume has not been published for Google Willow. This may be because the QPU uses a different benchmark methodology or the data has not been publicly released.

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